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Menopause is the period that marks permanent cessation of menstrual activity, usually occuring
between the ages of 35 and 58. Menses may stop suddenly, there may be a decreased flow each
month until a final cessation, or the interval between periods may be lengthened until complete
cessation is accomplished. Women with short menstrual cycles may reach menopause as much as
two years earlier than women with long cycles. Cigarette smoking has an effect on menopause,
causing it to occur 1-2 years prematurely. Symptoms of menopause begin occurring soon after
the ovaries stop functioning. Symptoms may last a few months or a few years, and vary from
mild to severe. Some symptoms include vasomotor instability, nervousness, hot flashes,
chills, excitability, fatigue, apathy, vaginal dryness, mental depression, crying episodes, insomnia,
palpitation, vertigo, headache, numbness, tingling, myalgia, urinary disturbances such as
frequency and incontinence, and various disorders of the gastrointestinal system. Hot
flashes may begin with abdominal discomfort and perhaps a chill, quickly followed by a
feeling of heat moving toward the head. The face becomes red and the body breaks out in
sweat followed by exhaustion.Long-range effects of lower estrogen levels are
osteoporosis and
atherosclerosis.
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![]() Menopausal Symptoms
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![]() enopause occurs when estrogen
and progesterone production decreases. It can happen suddenly or take years. The first
phase of menopause is often called perimenopause. It is characterized by the fluctuation
of estrogen levels which can begin as early as age 35. Common symptoms of perimenopause
include erratic periods, breast tenderness, night sweats, headaches, food cravings,
anxiety, depression, forgetfulness, and mood swings. These symptoms are very similar to
those present in PMS, so it may be difficult to tell exactly when perimenopause begins. ![]() ![]() |
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