Research of Oscillating Magnetic Field Therapy
U.S. Patent 4,665,898: Malignancy Treatment
FDA report: Kinetics of Microbial Inactivation
U.S. Patent 4,524,079: Deactivation of Microorganisms by an Oscillating
Magnetic Field
U.S. Patent 4,665,898
Inventor: Jonathan L. Costa, Gunter A. Hofmann
Date: May 19, 1987
Malignancy Treatment
Abstract
A body part of an animal afflicted with malignant cells is disposed within a
magnetic coil and subjected to a plurality of magnetic field pulses, the pulses
having intensities of between about l and about 100 Tesla and characteristic
frequencies of between about 5 and about 100 kHz. The pulses magnetic field
selectively inactivates and/or destroys malignant cells with relatively little
damage to normal tissue.
Summary of the Invention
... Herein, it is discovered that high intensity magnetic fields applied in
short pulses with moderate frequencies, can be used to selectively destroy or
otherwise inactivate malignant cells within tissue of a living animal. Selective
inactivation of malignant cells within animal tissue subjected to a pulsed
magnetic field is accomplished without noticeable deterioration of gross
characteristics of normal tissue.
Detailed Description of a Preferred Embodiment
It is found that subjecting
body parts containing cancerous tissue to a plurality of magnetic
field pulses, with characteristic frequencies above about 5 kHz and
intensities above about 1 Tesla, will either arrest the growth of
tumors or progressively reduce the number of cancerous cells,
resulting in remission of tumors... The magnetic field in the coil
is produced upon discharge of a bank of capacitors. The capacitor
bank is charged from a source, and when a switch is closed... an
oscillating current can be generated between the plates of the
capacitors. The oscillating current, in turn, generates a pulsed
magnetic field which is concentrated within the region bounded by
the coil... Immediately subsequent to closing the switch, an intense
magnetic field is produced by current flowing in one direction. As
the current changes direction, the magnetic field changes
polarity... The oscillating current and, hence, the oscillating
magnetic field rapidly decreases after about ten oscillations
dropping to a few percent of the original magnetic field strength.
Herein, magnetic field intensities refer to the intensities of the
initial peaks... The method is applicable to practically any type of
tissue and is believed applicable for treatment of most types of
malignancies... In each session, an animal is exposed to at least 1
and up to 1000 magnetic pulses. Generally a living animal would be
subjected to at least ten pulses at each therapy session and up to
one hundred pulses. An animal will be subjected to additional
sessions until tumor remission is achieved... Malignant cells are
more susceptible to destruction and/or inactivation by a pulsed
intense electromagnetic field because the field may create eddy
currents that are unique to the tumor. These localized eddy currents
may cause effects that are deleterious to the viability and/or
reproductive capability of the tumor cells. Alternatively, there may
be macromolecules unique to malignant cells which are especially
magnetically susceptible... Furthermore, treatment with a pulsed
magnetic field does far less damage to the natural immune system
than does radiation treatment or chemotherapy. Frequently, a patient
who is treated extensively with ionizing radiation and/or with
chemotherapy will experience an almost complete breakdown of the
immune system. Subsequent to treatment, the immune system may take
up to a year to recover, particularly with respect to immunity to
viral infections. As a result, even if a patient is cured of the
malignancy by radiation and/or chemotherapy, he is subject to
debilitating disease or even death by infections to which his body
would ordinarily have built up immunity. With the magnetic treatment
described herein, here has been no evidence of major immune system
beak-down.
A secondary advantage of the procedure of the present invention
relative to radiation procedures is that it poses no hazard to the
technician performing the process. The high intensity magnetic field
exists only within the coil and immediately therearound. Within a
very short distance from the coil, the magnetic field drops off
dramatically. For example, whereas the field generated by a coil may
have an intersity of 5 Tesla in the interior of the coil, within
abort 2 meters exterior to the coil, the intensity drops off to
below 10 -4 Tesla, a value comparable to the magretic
field of the earth. Thus, providing that the teclnician is
positioned a reasonable distance from the activated coil, there is
substantially no likelihood of cells in the tissues of the
technician being affected in a manner similar to the cells of the
animal within the coil, and the process may be operated without any
special shielding. Of course, the approximate distances increase in
proportion to coil dimensions. One exception to this is that, as is
the case with microwave apparatus, it should not be operated in the
presence of persons wearing certain electrical or electronic
prosthetic devices, such as pacemakers.
The invention will now be described in greater detail by way of
specific examples.
EXAMPLE
1
In this experiment, the destructive effects of
a high intensity, moderate frequency, pulsed magnetic field were compared for
different malignant cells.
Cells
were grown in confluent monolayers on Petri dishes and
were treated briefly with trypsin. Supernatant liquid containing free-floating cells was
removed, and test tubes containing aliquots of the free-floating cells were
held at room temperature for the duration of
the experiment. Tubes of cells were placed into the 4-inch coil
of a conventional Magneform machine (Maxwell Laboratories) and given 8 pulses with
the machine set to deliver approximately 10 kilojoules of energy at an intensity
of 5 Tesla and a frequency of 8 kHz. Trypan blue
was added to the test tubes to a final concentration of 0.2%.
Aliquots of the cells were counted utilizing a hemocytometer and a
light microscope; the total number of cells present per ml and the
percentage staining with trypan blue, representing the percentage of
killed cells, were calculated. Cells were ennumerated approximately
2 and 18 hours after treatment.
A summary of the results is presented in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1 |
EFFECTS OF BRIEF EXPOSURE TO A RAPIDLY VARYING MAGNETIC FIELD ON
VARIOUS TYPES OF CELLS IN VITRO
PERCENT OF DEAD CELLS
(
STAINED WITH TRYPAN
BLUE)
Nonexposed Cells Exposed
Cells
Observed After Observed after
CELL
TYPE
18
Hours
2 hrs 18 hrs
|
Undifferentiated
1% 3% 32%
carcinoma
Embryonal
8% 15% 29%
carcinoma
|
As can be seen from
Table 1, the number of dead cancer cells eighteen hours after
exposure was significantly higher in the two malignant cell lines
compared to normal cells.
EXAMPLE 2
In this experiment, albino rats
with induced or transplanted tumors were subjected to high
intensity, moderate frequency pulsed fields, and the effect of this
field on the tumors was examined.
The following five groups of female albino rats were prepared:
(1) 6 Sprague-Dawley rats bearing no tumors, (2) 7 Sprague-Dawley
rats given a single oral feeding of dimethyl-benzanthracene (DMBA)
approximately 1 month previously, inducing primary mammary
carcinomas in each, (3) 6 Buffalo rats given 3 successive
intravenous doses of N-nitrosomethyl urea (NMU) approximately 3
weeks previously, inducing primary mammary carcinomas in each, (4) 6
Buffalo rats, each with an NMU-induced mammary carcinoma
transplanted to the popliteal region, (5) 6 Fisher rats, each with a
mammary carcinoma of the 13762E/F344 line, transplanted to the
popliteal region. If left untreated, all of the types of tumors
would generally grow to a size of 20-30 cm3, at which time the tumors would
ulcerate. Rats having ulcerated tumors would generally die of
secondary causes, such as infection, and in laboratories, rats are
generally sacrificed at time of tumor ulceration for humane reasons.
The mammary carcinomas in rats bearing primary tumors (groups 2 and
3) were measured in size (length and width measurements with a pair
of calipers) for a period of 8 days prior to the start of the
experiment. Tumors in rats bearing transplanted tumors were measured
for a period of 3 days prior to the experiment. All groups of rats
were given food and water ad libitum during the period of
examination.
The rats were exposed once a
day to a series of intense magnetic field pulses of brief
duration. During the experimental period, each tumor was measured
with calipers daily prior to exposure to the magnetic
field.
At the conclusion of the
treatment of 6 days, the rats were observed for an additional period
of time, generally about 16 days, during which tumor sizes were
measured daily or every other day until the animals were
sacrificed.
All of the rats of the control
group 1 remained healthy throughout the experiment, exhibiting no
adverse reaction to exposure to the magnetic field.
A summary of tumor data of rat
groups 2-5 is presented in Table 2 below.
TABLE 2
Evaluation of the Growth of Rat Mammary Tumors Following Multiple Exposures to a
Rapidly Varying Magnetic Field
Total Tumors
with Tumors Percent
Tumor
No.
of
Interruption with Tumors
Type
Tesla/kHz
Tumors of Growth Shrinkage
Shrunken
DMBA 5T
/
8kHz
8
2
6
75% primary
NMU 5T
/
8kHz
10
1
9
90% primary
13762E/F344
5T/8kHz
4
1 3
75%
Trans-
planted
It can be seen from the above table that the
method of the present invention is useful for treating a variety of
malignancies, although the response varies according to the type of tumor.
Accordingly, the method has general applicability to malignancy treatment.
Example 3
Twelve rats having primary DMBA-induced mammary
carcinomas were treated daily with a conventional Magneform machine.
A primary mammary gland carcinoma induced by a carcinogen, such as
DMBA or NMU, is highly virulent, as outlined in substantial detail
in P. M. Guillino, et al., Journal of the National Cancer Institute,
Vol. 54, no. 2, February 1974. It is common for such a tumor in a
rat to increase in size by about 10 to 30 fold in about 30 days, and
if left untreated almost invariably will ulcerate within about 45
days. Ten of the rats are treated daily with 20 pulses at 5 Tesla
and 8 KHz. Their tumor volumes on the 1st and 30th days are listed
in table 3 below.
It can be seen from the below
table that after thirty days the tumors were either diminished in
size, stabilized, or at least controlled relative to untreated tumors... The eleventh rat was treated in
an identical manner but at 1/4th the field intensity, i.e., 1.2 Tesla, 8 kHz, 20 pulses. Its tumor had
decreased in size from 1.6 cm3 on day 1 to 1.4 cm3 on day 62. The rats
generally appeared to exhibit normal behavior and appetite and did
not appear to lose weight. The fact that the rats did not die of
infections suggested that the immune systems functioned
normally.
TABLE 3
Tumor Volume (cm3)
percent
Rat Day 1 Day 30 change l.
1.60
1.95 +
22%
2.
1.20
3.65 +204% 3.
2.10
l.20 -
43%
4.
1.40
3.81 +172% 5.
.90
.42 -
53% 6.
3.00
3.81 +
27% 7.
.38
.45 +
18%
8.
2.10
8.18 +290% 9.
6.79
8.88 +
24% l0.
1.1
.85 -
23%
average
+64%
20 pulses daily of 1.2 Tesla at 8
kHz
11.
l.6
1.40 -12%
Our Notes about Patent 4,665,898:
On day 30, on average, the tumors hadn't even
doubled in size (+100%), whereas if left untreated they would
of averaged 20 times the original size. This treatment didn't totally
kill the tumors but
keep in mind that this was a very fast growing type of
tumor that the treatments basically kept from growing at al. Probably with less
active types of tumors this treatment would be successful at killing them.
This device produces the same type of oscillating magnetic field
as does my OMF Generator. The basic design of
mine is the same, with a capacitor (charged with high voltage) connected
in parallel with a coil by an electrically controlled switch (a xenon flash tube)
to produce a decaying oscillating magnetic field. This patents device varies from
mine in application only by the test subject being placed inside the
coil, whereas mine was used so that the coil rests on the test
subject which is effected by the lines of magnetic force emanating from the coil.
Field force becomes less and less with more distance from the
center of the coil as is indicated by the field force
lines separating more. The results of test example 1 is a reduction of live cancer
cells (in test tube) of 32% of undifferentiated carcinoma and 29% of embryonic carcinoma after
18 days. This was after 8 pulses of oscillating magnetic field of 5
Tesla at 8 kHz on day 1. The results of test example 2 is 75%, 90%,
and 75% of treated rat mammary tumors shrunken after 20 pulses daily of OMF at
5 Tesla and 8 kHz for 6 days. The results of test
example 3 is an average +64% increase of tumor size after 30 days (compared to a typical
20 times (+2000%) tumor growth after 30 days). Treatment was with 20
pulses OMF of 5 Tesla at 8 KHZ daily for 30 days.
Tumors were induced by injection of the DMBA chemical. The table also shows
the equally positive lower intensity (1.2 Tesla) test results on one
tumor with a resultant 12% reduction.
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U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
June 2, 2000
Kinetics of Microbial Inactivation for Alternative Food Processing Technologies Oscillating Magnetic Fields
Scope of Deliverables
This section reports the effects of magnetic fields on microbial populations.
1. Definition, Description and Application
Static (SMF) and oscillating (OMF) magnetic fields have been explored
for their potential as microbial inactivation methods... an OMF is
applied in the form of constant amplitude or decaying amplitude
sinusoidal waves. OMF applied in the form of pulses reverse the charge
for each pulse, and the intensity of each pulse decreases with time to
about 10% of the initial intensity (Pothakamury and others 1993).
Preservation of foods with OMF involves sealing food in a plastic bag
and subjecting it to 1 to 100 pulses in an OMF with a frequency between
5 to 500 kHz at temperatures in the range of 0 to 50 degrees Celsius
for a total exposure time ranging from 25 to 100 milliseconds. OMF of
intensity of 5 to 50 tesla (T) and frequency of 5 to 500 kHz (5000 -
500,000) was applied and reduced the number of microorganisms by at
least 2-log cycles (1/100th ). OMF of this intensity can be generated
using: (1) superconducting coils; (2) coils which produce DC fields or
(3) coils energized by the discharge of energy stored in a capacitor
(Gersdof and others 1983). Inhibition or stimulation of the growth of
microorganisms exposed to magnetic fields may be a result of the
magnetic fields themselves or the induced electric fields. The latter
is measured in terms of induced electric field strength and induced
current density.
2. Inactivation of Microorganisms
Table 1. Effect of magnetic fields in microorganisms.
type
of
field frequency magnetic micro-
strength of pulse field organism
Effect
Reference
12 tesla 6000 OMF
Streptococcus Cell population reduced Moore (1985)
(1
pulse) Themophilus
from 25,000 cells/ml to
in
milk
970
7.5 tesla 8500 OMF
Mold spores Population reduced from
Hofmann (1985)
(1
pulse) 3,000
spores/ml
to 1
Hofmann
(1985) reported on the inactivation of microorganisms with OMF in milk,
yogurt, orange juice and bread roll dough. According to Hofmann (1985)
only 1 pulse of OMF was adequate to reduce the bacterial population to
between 1% and .1%.
References
Hofmann G.A. 1985. Deactivation of microorganisms by an oscillating magnetic field.
U.S. Patent 4,524,079.
Moore, R.L. 1979. Biological effects of magnetic fields Studies with microorganisms. Can. J. Microbiol., 25:1145-1151
Gersdorf, R., deBoer, F.R., Wolfrat, J.C., Muller, F.A.,
Roeland, L. W. 1983. The high magnetic facility of the University of
Amsterdam, high field magnetism. Proceedings International Symposium on
High Field Magnetism. Osaka, Japan. 277-287
Pothkamury, U.R., Barbosa-Canovas, G.V., and Swanson, B.G.
(1993). Magnetic-field inactivation of microorganisms and generation of
biological changes. Food Technol. 47(12):8593
Our Notes:
This papers test results revealing
effectiveness against bacteria and fungi/mold, and patent 4,524,079, is
what inspired me to create my own version of the mentioned device. The OMF
Generator I sell
is an oscillating magnetic field generator
(with an OMF of decaying amplitude as Hofmann and Moore used) with a
magnetic field strength of around 6 Tesla and a frequency of around 6600 cycles per second
(6.6
KHz). Its electromagnetic coil is energized
by the discharge of energy stored in a capacitor. The experiences of
myself and others with the OMF Generator are in agreement with the
scientific test results of Moore and Hofmann in that it appeared effective
against bacteria and mold (fungus) although our test medium was human
tissue instead of food. Their test results showed a 96% reduction of
streptococcus bacteria (at 6kHz/12T) and a 99.9% reduction of mold
spores (at 8.5kHz/7.5T). |
U.S. Patent 4,524,079
Inventor: Gunter A. Hofmann
Date: June 18, 1985
Deactivation of Microorganisms by an Oscillating Magnetic Field
Abstract
Material... such as food products... is disposed within a magnetic coil and
subjected to one or more pulses of an oscillating magnetic field having an
intensity of between 2 and about 100 Tesla and a frequency of between 5 and
about 500 kHz. A single pulse of the magnetic field generally decreases the
microorganism population by at least about two orders of magnitude. [1/100th]
Detailed Description of a Preferred Embodiment
The magnetic field in the coil is produced upon discharge of a capacitor. The
capacitor is charged from a source, and when a switch is closed... an
oscillating current is generated between the plates of the capacitor. The
oscillating current in turn generates an oscillating magnetic field which is
concentrated within the region bounded by the coil... Immediately subsequent to
closing the switch, an intense magnetic field is produced by current flowing in
one direction. As the current changes direction, the magnetic field changes
polarity. The oscillating current and, hence, the oscillating magnetic field
rapidly deteriorates, with the field intensity after about ten oscillations
dropping to a few percent of the original intensity. Herein, magnetic field
intensities refer to the intensity of the initial peaks... Herein pulse duration
is considered to be 10 oscillations, after which the substantially decayed field
has a negligible effect.
Example 1
A sample of pasteurized milk is... inoculated with Streptococcus thermophilus at
a concentration of 25,000 bacterium/cm3... The milk is subjected to 1
pulse of a 12 Tesla, 6kHz, oscillating magnetic field... An aliquot of the milk
is plated on a standard plate. The colony count of the plate shows a
concentration of about 970 Streptococcus thermophilus per cm3.
Example 2
350g of plain 4% fat yogurt is opened, inoculated with Saccharomyces at a
concentration of 3,500 bacteria/cm3 and stirred thoroughly.
The container full of inoculated yogurt is placed centrally within the
coil described above and subjected to 10 pulses of a 40 Tesla, 416 kHz
oscillating magnetic field. A sample of the yogurt is plated on standard plates, and a
count of the cultures reveals a concentration of only about 25 Saccharomyces
per cm3 of yogurt.
Example 4
A prepackaged dough product... is thoroughly mixed with mold spores to give a
concentration of 3000 spores/cm3 . The chopped rolls... was
centered in the above-described coil where it was subjected to 1 pulse of 7.5 Tesla, 8.5
kHz, oscillating magnetic field. A sample of the chopped rolls is plated on
standard plates, and a culture count shows a mold spore concentration of only
about 1 spore per cm3.
Our Notes about Patent 4,524,079:
This device produces the same type of oscillating magnetic field as does
my OMF Generator. The basic design of mine is the same, with a capacitor
(charged with high voltage) connected in parallel with a coil by an
electrically controlled switch (a xenon flash tube) to produce a decaying oscillating
magnetic field. This patents device varies from mine in application only by the
test product being placed inside the coil, whereas mine is used so that the coil rests
on the test subject which is effected by the lines of magnetic force emanating
from the coil. Field force becomes less and less with more distance from the
center of the coil. The patents results of test example 1 is a 96% reduction
of bacteria (from 25,000 to 970). The patents results of test example 2 is a
99.3% reduction of yeast (from 3,500 to 25). The results of test example 4 is a
99.9% reduction of fungi spores (from 3000 to 1 ). |
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